MOTHER TONGUE 6 – AFRICA THROUGH INDIA TO EASTER ISLAND
W.G. Davey: All Rights Reserved
Background: The scope of this study was deliberately chosen to show the range of elements that can be included in an analysis of chains of links. Here we combine the regions of Africa (Mid East and South Africa), two Indian linguistic groups (Dravidian and Mundari), and a single very remote language in Easter Island (Rapanui) to show clear chains of names.
This is just one of several hundreds of such examples that we could select from our data files.
The choice of Africa is because of the likelihood that it is a source for all the languages of the World. The choice of Dravidian and Mundari is because these groups of languages lie in the in the eastern part of India that borders the lands of South East Asia through which migrations from the West we assume must pass. The two language groups are intermingled with the Mundari locations being generally surrounded by broader Dravidian areas; this may imply that the Mundari are the older languages that were over-run and surrounded by the Dravidian peoples. Because of the narrowing of this region we have called this a "chokepoint" which probably overemphasizes the necessity of peoples in transition to leave connections with either Dravidian or Mundari. The choice of Rapanui is because of its isolation and extreme easterly location in the Pacific Ocean; it seems probable that migrations were only into this island and that there was no ongoing movement of this people.
There are hundreds of other languages than Rapanui in the Pacific Ocean that could be chosen and we have made many such analyses that extend beyond the present work.
Numbers of Links: There are 123 links between Rapanui and the rest of the World. Of these there are 17 with the Mid East and 9 with South Africa for a total of 26 links between Rapanui with Africa. Of these links there are some that include links to Dravidian and Mundari. There are four that link only with Dravidian and four linked only with Mundari; there is one that link with both Dravidian and Mundari.
Although the numbers are small these are very clear chains between Africa, Dravidian and Rapanui and separate chains between Africa, Mundari, and Rapanui.
All these links are presented below in two different forms. The first gives all the actual names in all of these links, namely Buttock M-N, Excrement T-T, Ankle K/Q-R, and Throat G-R for Dravidian links and Stomach P-T, Tears M-T, and Face M-T for Mundari. Breast M-M is included in both links.
We also give two Tables showing the names of each linked language and its geographical or American linguistic group for Dravidian and Mundari. These Tables show very clearly the Africa, Dravidian or Mundari, and Rapanui links with the rest of the World including the Americas.
Not all names are linked with every region or linguistic group but the breadth of worldwide connections is very clear. Africa, Dravidian and Mundari India, and remote Rapanui are connected not only to each other in clear chains but they are also linked to all of the rest of the World.
|
ALL AFRICA-DRAVIDIAN-RAPANUI 5 |
ALL AFRICA-MUNDA-RAPANUI 4 |
||
|
BUTTOCK M-N- |
STOMACH P-T- |
||
|
SEAS |
SEAS |
||
|
CHINA |
R 331: HOU-MIEN [rear] |
NEWARI |
R 331: PETA |
|
VIETNAM |
R 335: MONG DIT |
SANTALI |
R 334: POTA, PET |
|
FIJI |
R 352: MU-NA |
SAMOA |
R 353: PUTA |
|
RAPANUI |
R 353: MANGUNGU |
RAPANUI |
R 353: PUTI |
|
DRAVIDIAN |
R 330: MUNDI |
MID EAST |
|
|
MID EAST |
GWANDARA |
PATA SIKYI |
|
|
EGYPTIAN |
MEN |
PENUTIAN |
|
|
ALMOSAN-KERESOUIAN |
YOKUTS |
POTODO |
|
|
KWAKIUTL |
MENGAS |
HOKAN |
|
|
MACRO-PANOAN |
POMO |
PITUMTE |
|
|
ARAONA |
MANI |
CHIBCHAN |
|
|
AUSTRALIA |
MISKITO |
PATTA, PATTA WATLA |
|
|
MAUNG |
MUNUNJ |
BARBACOA |
PATSI |
|
YUKULTA |
MINTA |
ANDEAN |
|
|
MAYI |
MUNDHI |
JAQARU |
PHUTRAKA |
|
NYAWAYGI |
MANI |
ARAUCANA |
PUTRA |
|
DYIRBAL |
bottom MUNU |
PUELCHE |
PUTHA |
|
TASMAN |
MINNINNE |
AUSTRALIA |
|
|
MINKIN |
PATAKA |
||
|
KALKA |
PUTU |
||
|
EXCREMENT T-T- |
TEARS M-T - |
||
|
N. EURASIA |
SEAS |
||
|
MID. ENGLISH |
TATH, dung; ON that |
PAITE |
R 332: MITTUI |
|
ICELANDIC |
manure TATH, TETHJA |
TIDDIM CHIN |
R 332: MITTAI |
|
SEAS |
BURMA |
R 333: MYET-YE |
|
|
SAMOA |
R 353: OTAOTA |
SANTALI |
R 334: MET DAK |
|
RAPANUI |
R 353: TUTAE, TUTA'E |
MALAGASY |
R 343: to cry MITUMAN |
|
COOK ISLANDS |
R 353: TUTAE, TITIKO |
RAPANUI |
R 353: MATAVAI |
|
DRAVIDIAN |
R 330: TITA |
MID EAST |
|
|
MID EAST |
TAMAZIGHT |
IMT'AWN |
|
|
EGYPTIAN |
TIT |
KABYLE |
IMETTI |
|
HAUSA |
TUTU |
ALMOSAN-KERESIOUAN |
|
|
PAEZAN |
CREE |
to weep MA-TOO |
|
|
ALLENTIAC |
TUTU |
AUSTRALIA |
|
|
AUSTRALIA |
YUKULTA |
MITYURKA |
|
|
TASMAN |
TEETHANER |
||
|
ALL AFRICA-DRAVIDIAN-RAPANUI 5 |
ALL AFRICA-MUNDA-RAPANUI 4 |
||
|
ANKLE K/Q-R- |
FACE M-T- |
||
|
SEAS |
SEAS |
||
|
TRUK |
R 351: KURUPWPWUN |
PAITE |
R 332: MAITANG |
|
FIJI |
R 352: QURULASAWA |
TIDDIM CHIN |
R 332: MAITANG |
|
RAPANUI |
R 353: KARIKARIVAE |
SANTALI |
R 334: METAHA |
|
DRAVIDIAN |
R 330: KARATU |
VIETNAM |
R 335: MAT |
|
S. AFRICA |
CHAMORRO |
R 338: MATA |
|
|
FULA |
KORRAL |
PHILIP |
R 338-340: MATAQ, MUTONG |
|
MBUM |
KOROKVOK |
PHIL-DUMAGAT |
MATAQ |
|
SANDAWE |
KURUKURU, KURUKURUMA |
DOHOI |
R 343: MATABAU, MATAM |
|
ALMOSAN-KERESIOUAN |
KUSAIE |
R 351: MUHTA |
|
|
TUSCARORA |
UKWEREH |
BUGHOTU |
R 351: MATA |
|
MACRO-GE |
FIJI |
R 352: MATA-NA |
|
|
CHIQUITO |
KAARSCH |
TONGA |
R 352: MATA |
|
CHIBCHAN |
SAMOA |
R 353: MATA |
|
|
BORUNCA |
KRA-KAIX |
FUTUNA |
R 353: MATMATA, MATA |
|
RAPANUI |
R 353: MATA |
||
|
MAORI |
R 353: MATA |
||
|
KANNADA |
R 330: MUTI |
||
|
S. AFRICA |
|||
|
KIKUYU |
MAUTHI |
||
|
ALMOSAN-KERESIOUAN |
|||
|
CHEYENNE |
MAHTSENENESTOTSE |
||
|
PENUTIAN |
|||
|
MIWOK-S |
MATALKI |
||
|
PAPUA |
|||
|
P-KATI |
MUUTIPIA, MUTU-KONDO |
||
|
ALL AFRICA-DRAVIDIAN-RAPANUI 5 |
ALL AFRICA-MUNDA-and DRAVIDIAN 4 and 5 |
||
|
THROAT G-R |
BREAST M-M |
||
|
N. EURASIA |
N. EURASIA |
||
|
FRENCH |
GORGE |
LATIN |
MAMILLAE |
|
ITALIAN |
GORGOZZULE |
FRENCH |
MAMELE |
|
PORTUGUESE |
GARGANTA, GARGALO |
ITALIAN |
MAMMELLA |
|
SPANISH |
GARGANTA |
PORTUGUESE |
MAMAS |
|
WELSH |
AGORFA |
SPANISH |
MAMA |
|
MID. ENGLISH |
GARGATE; GORGE |
TURKISH |
MEME |
|
GERMAN |
GURGEL |
SEAS |
|
|
LITHUANIAN |
GERKLE |
SEMANG |
R 337: MAM |
|
POLISH |
GARDLO, GARDZIEL |
SORA |
R 334: MEMEN |
|
CROATIAN |
GRLO, GRKLJAN |
NENGONE |
R 351: MIMI |
|
SLOVENE |
GRLO |
'ARE'ARE |
R 351: MAMATA NI ARAU |
|
ALBANIAN |
GRYKE, GURMAZ |
RAPANUI |
R 353: OMOOMO |
|
HUNGARIAN |
GARAT |
HAWAII |
R 353: UMAUMA |
|
TURKISH |
GIRTLAK |
COOK ISLANDS |
R 353: UMAUMA |
|
YUPIK |
IGYARAQ |
DRAVIDIAN |
R 330: AMMAM, MAMMA |
|
SEAS |
BURUSHASKI |
R 377: MAMUT |
|
|
TIBET |
R 331: GREWA |
S. AFRICA |
|
|
JAVA |
R 344: GOROQAN |
BUSHMAN |
MAMA]: to suck AMAM |
|
RAPANUI |
R 353: GURUHARA |
NA-DENE |
|
|
DRAVIDIAN |
R 330: GURANGA |
INGALIK |
-MAMAA |
|
MID EAST |
TANAINA |
-MAMA |
|
|
KABYLE |
AGERJUJ, AGERJUM |
MACRO-GE |
|
|
MAURITAINE |
EIGERJI |
BOTOCUDO |
MIME |
|
HEBREW |
GARON, GARGARET |
AUSTRALIA |
|
|
AMHARIC |
GURORRO |
NUNGGUBU |
MIMI |
|
GURAGE |
GWARARA |
MAYI |
MIMI |
|
S. AFRICA |
WATJARRI |
MIMI |
|
|
GBAYA |
GER |
KALKA |
MIMI |
|
MBARA |
GURDOY |
PINT |
MIMI |
|
MACRO-CARIB |
PAPUA |
||
|
MURUI |
GUIRAIO |
P-MARIN2 |
MOMO, MAM |
|
AUSTRALIA |
|||
|
RITHRNGU |
GURAK |
||
|
DJAPU |
GURAK |
||
|
YAYGIR |
UGUR |
||
RAPANUI-DRAVIDIAN-AFRICA 5
|
BUTTOCK M-N- |
EXCREMENT T-T - |
ANKLE K/Q-R- |
BREAST M-M |
THROAT G-R |
|
N. EURASIA MID. ENGLISH ICELANDIC |
N. EURASIA LATIN FRENCH ITALIAN PORTUGUESE SPANISH TURKISH |
N. EURASIA FRENCH ITALIAN PORTUGUESE SPANISH WELSH MID. ENGLISH GERMAN LITHUANIAN POLISH CROATIAN SLOVENE ALBANIAN HUNGARIAN TURKISH YUPIK |
||
|
MID EAST EGYPTIAN |
MID EAST EGYPTIAN HAUSA |
MID EAST KABYLE MAURITAINE HEBREW AMHARIC GURAGE |
||
|
S. AFRICA FULA MBUM SANDAWE |
S. AFRICA BUSHMAN |
S. AFRICA GBAYA MBARA |
||
|
SEAS CHINA VIETNAM FIJI RAPANUI DRAVIDIAN
|
SEAS SAMOA RAPANUI COOK ISLANDS DRAVIDIAN |
SEAS TRUK FIJI RAPANUI DRAVIDIAN |
SEAS SEMANG SORA NENGONE 'ARE'ARE RAPANUI HAWAII COOK ISLANDS DRAVIDIAN BURUSHASKI |
SEAS TIBET JAVA RAPANUI DRAVIDIAN
|
|
PAPUA P-MARIN2 |
||||
|
AUSTRALIA MAUNG YUKULTA MAYI NYAWAYGI DYIRBAL TASMAN |
AUSTRALIA TASMAN |
AUSTRALIA NUNGGUBU MAYI WATJARRI KALKA PINT |
AUSTRALIA RITHRNGU DJAPU YAYGIR |
|
|
ALMOS-KER KWAKIUTL MACRO-PAN ARAONA |
PAEZAN ALLENTIAC |
ALMOS-KER TUSCARORA MACRO-GE CHIQUITO CHIBCHAN BORUNCA |
MACRO-CARIB MURUI |
RAPANUI- MUNDA (SANTALI, NEWARI, MUNDARI, SORA) - AFRICA 4
|
STOMACH P-T- |
TEARS M-T- |
FACE M-T- |
BREAST M-M |
|
N. EURASIA LATIN FRENCH ITALIAN PORTUGUESE SPANISH TURKISH |
|||
|
MID EAST GWANDARA |
MID EAST TAMAZIGHT KABYLE |
||
|
S. AFRICA KIKUYU |
S. AFRICA BUSHMAN |
||
|
SEAS NEWARI SANTALI SAMOA RAPANUI |
SEAS PAITE TIDDIM CHIN BURMA SANTALI MALAGASY RAPANUI |
SEAS PAITE TIDDIM CHIN SANTALI VIETNAM CHAMORRO PHILIP PHIL-DUMAGAT DOHOI KUSAIE BUGHOTU FIJI TONGA SAMOA FUTUNA RAPANUI MAORI KANNADA |
SEAS SEMANG SORA NENGONE 'ARE'ARE RAPANUI HAWAII COOK ISLANDS DRAVIDIAN BURUSHASKI |
|
PAPUA P-KATI |
PAPUA P-MARIN2 |
||
|
AUSTRALIA MINKIN KALKA |
AUSTRALIA YUKULTA |
AUSTRALIA NUNGGUBU MAYI WATJARRI KALKA PINT |
|
|
PENUTIAN YOKUTS HOKAN POMO CHIBCHAN MISKITO PAEZAN BARBACOA ANDEAN JAQARU ARAUCANA PUELCHE |
ALMOSAN-KERES CREE |
ALMOSAN-KERES CHEYENNE PENUTIAN MIWOK-S |
NA-DENE INGALIK TANAINA MACRO-GE BOTOCUDO |