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| During the late eighteenth century, the Industrial Revolution
began in Great Britain. An agrarian revolution and industrialization
caused a shift from an economy based on farming and handicrafts to an economy
based on manufacturing by machines in factories. |
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| After the turmoil of the French revolutionary years,
European rulers wanted to return to a conservative order and to keep a
balance of power among nations. Liberals and nationalists, however,
struggled to achieve more liberal governments and new nations. Their
struggle led eventually to the revolutions that swept across much of Europe
in 1848. |
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| Although the revolutions of 1848 had failed, the forces
of nationalism and liberalism remained powerful for the rest of the nineteenth
century. Italy and Germany were unified, and Great Britain and France
became more liberal, while Austria and Russia remained authoritarian by
the end of the nineteenth century. |
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| Artistic movements are influenced by the society around
them. Romanticism was in part a reaction to the Industrial Revolution,
while advances in science contributed to a new movement called realism. |
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| ENRICHMENT
EXCERCISE (.pdf)
Quiz 22:
Industrial Nations
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